1 Insights into Scaling Virtual Power Plants Real-World Findings for Successful Deployment January 2025 Angela Long (Rockcress Consulting) Ryan Long (Rockcress Consulting) NRECA Tomas Smith, Puget Sound Energy 5 5 REAL-WORLD FINDINGS FOR SUCCESSFUL DEPLOYMENT Insights into Scaling Virtual Power Plants Executive Summary Introduction Leadership Investments Planning Pilots Help Uncover Early Challenges and Refine VPP Strategies: Pilot programs can provide valuable insights into technology performance and customer engagement, and allow for quick identification and resolution

power demand by 2030 [Internet]. Goldman Sachs; 2025. Available from: https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/ai-to-drive-165-increase-in-data-center-power- demand-by-2030 [6] International Energy Available from: https://www.iea.org/events/global-conference-on-energy-ai [7] S&P Global Commodity Insights. Company Sustainability Reports 2023 [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://www.spglobal.

Institute, November 1, 2015), https://www.mckinsey.com/business-func tions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/four-fundamentals-of-workplace-a utomation. 6. James Manyika, Michael Chui, Mehdi Miremadi, et That Works” (New York: McKinsey Global Institute, January 2017), https://www.mckinsey.com/f eatured-insights/digital-disruption/harnessing-automation-for-a-futu re-that-works. 7. Christopher Mims, “Self-Driving Adopters Combine Bullish Enthusiasm with Strategic Investments, Deloitte Insights, July 2018, https://www2.deloitte.co m/us/en/insights/focus/cognitive-technologies/state-of-ai-and-intell 244 igent-auto

6-13. [20] 刘雨菁，李威，刘子屹，王萌，王广煦等 . 解耦算力发展与碳排放 – 数据中心用能增长的挑战与解决路径， 落基山研究所，2024. https://rmi.org.cn/insights/decarbonizing-data-centers-report/. [21] 新华日报 . 我省发布全国首个算力基础设施发展专项规划 2030 年建成省级算力调度平台 .2024.5.26

2,500 CAGR=17.1% 2,000 1,950 1,500 1,000 500 0 2025E 2030E 2035E 来源：德勤研究，Global Market Insights，2024 同时，在各国政策大力推动、产业转型升级、 人口结构改变及关键技术支持的多重因素叠加 推动下，服务机器人产业迎来了一个黄金发展 期，市场潜力巨大。 • 从技术升级来看，随着人工智能技术的快速