complex—have far less at stake, making China’s fast-paced development model under MIC2025 extremely successful. Commercial satellites MIC2025 called for the “formation of long-term sustainable and stable policy promoting NEV technology, while riddled with inefficiencies, has created domestic firms successful enough to render market access barriers increasingly unnecessary. However, a similar story is this is China’s COVID-19 vaccines, specifically mentioned in the Pharma14FYP. Although China was successful in getting three COVID-19 vaccines approved for emergency use by the World Health Organization